Aspiration Is Two Letters, Not One: How بھ, پھ, and تھ Work
Unlike Sindhi, which has a single dedicated letter for each aspirated sound, Urdu builds aspirated consonants by typing the base letter immediately followed by ھ (do-chashmi he) — found at the end of the keyboard's 2nd row. Click ب then ھ and you get بھ. The same pattern gives you پھ، تھ، ٹھ، دھ، ڈھ، کھ، گھ، چھ، and جھ — each is two clicks, not one key.
Don't confuse ھ with ہ (choti he, 3rd row) — they look similar but do different jobs. ہ is an ordinary letter on its own, used in everyday words like ہم (we) and وہ (that). ھ only ever glues onto the consonant before it to mark aspiration. Mixing the two up is one of the most common typing mistakes in digital Urdu, and it changes the word.
Picking the Right Yeh: ی, ے, or ئ
All three sit next to each other in the keyboard's 2nd row, which makes it easy to grab the wrong one. ی is the general-purpose form and covers most word-medial and word-final positions. ے shows up in a smaller set of word-final grammatical patterns — the everyday word ہے ("is") uses it, not ی. ئ carries a hamza and appears after certain vowel combinations, as in گئی ("went," feminine).
If a word you've typed looks slightly off compared to how you're used to seeing it in print, it's worth checking which of these three you clicked — the visual difference between them is small, but they are three separate Unicode characters and are not interchangeable.
Urdu Punctuation on This Keyboard
Urdu doesn't reuse Latin punctuation. The comma key on this keyboard produces ، (1st row), the Urdu full stop is ۔ — a small circle, not a dot (also 1st row) — and the semicolon ؛ is in the 3rd row. There's also a plain apostrophe key in the 3rd row, useful when you need to embed an English word or a quoted term inside Urdu text.
Retroflex Sounds Borrowed Into Urdu
ٹ، ڈ، and ڑ — all in the 5th row, next to ں and آ — are retroflex consonants that don't exist in Arabic or Persian at all. They entered Urdu through contact with other South Asian languages and are standard, everyday letters here, not optional extras — words like ٹھیک ("okay") and لڑکا ("boy") depend on them.